We've Come a Long Way: French Emblems on the Internet


Elizabeth Black
Old Dominion University, Virginia
eblack@odu.edu

 

Black, Elizabeth. “We've Come a Long Way: French Emblems on the Internet.” Emblem Digitization: Conducting Digital Research with Renaissance Texts and Images, ed. Mara R. Wade. Early Modern Literary Studies Special Issue 20 (2012): 4. <URL: http://purl.oclc.org/emls/si-20/WADE_Black_EMLS.htm>.

1.     The picture changes quickly in the digital world. The idea of finding every lion image in every emblem book, while previously only pie-in-the-sky thinking, is now becoming increasingly plausible. As Peter Daly noted in his book Digitizing the European Emblem, Issues and Prospects, “The relative inaccessibility of the emblem books themselves has hampered research.”[1] We are moving into an era when this complaint will become a historical oddity, as libraries digitize portions of their collections, or the “primary” corpus. Not only this, but these new developments are in the public domain.

2.     To mark this critical period of transition, this paper was conceived to establish what is currently available on-line in French emblems, or what is about to become available, and to review how accessible each site is. My research was twofold: firstly reviewing known sites looking for French emblems; then investigating whether there are any other projects in the pipeline. Wishing to make the most of the resources available to me at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), I also decided to cross-reference my internet research with UIUC's French collection to see whether UIUC could play a role in establishing a secondary corpus of material to be digitized. While continuing this research survey in 2011, there have been numerous changes in the online availability of emblem books, and I have attempted to keep pace with the rapid changes on the internet. Therefore, while I try to present a comprehensive overview, the rapidly shifting shape of the internet prevents completeness.  This research remains a moving target.

3.     There are different ways of determining whether a book belongs to a language culture. Adams, Rawles and Saunders, in their magnificent Bibliography of French Emblem Books of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries define a French book as follows:

We take France to include the area currently within the frontiers of modern France, including Metz (whose status changed during the period in question) but excluding Strasbourg, where printing in the period concerned had a distinctly German orientation. We take 'French' to mean all books in whatever language, printed or sold within the confines outlined above, and books written in French, or including 'emblematic' texts in French, wherever printed. For our purposes, the boundaries of 'France' are extended to include Brussels and Geneva for works in French and Latin. French-speaking towns now in modern Belgium are included. A specific exclusion, outwith the places above, is Antwerp: obviously works published in Antwerp which are written in French or include French texts are included, but other works published in Antwerp are not.[2]

4.     While Adams, Rawles and Saunders provide the most valid set of criteria, and while I do not wish to dispute their scholarly authority, emblem books on-line bring other considerations, as do modern standards of education. One aspect that David Graham refers to is the need for a “consensus on expected audience.’[3] While audience can be predicted to a certain extent based on who receives notification of our digitization projects, this will not remain within our collective knowledge for very long. One of the exciting aspects of this kind of development, since it is internet-based and designed to be “open,” will be the word-of-mouth effect. Scholars will pass resources on to other scholars and to their students. In fact, the user-friendliness of these sites will determine how far knowledge of them will travel. Tom Kilton, in his paper “Emblematica Online: The User's Perspective,” outlines four conditions for successful sites, the fourth of which is “the provision of as many links to our emblem sites as possible from a diverse set of websites and portals across the humanities, sciences, and social sciences.”[4] Graham also depicts a “broad educated public” as a probable audience.[5]

5.     Relatively junior scholars and members of the “broad educated public” will mostly have little if any knowledge of Latin. Therefore when looking for emblems on-line I concentrated on emblem books which incorporate the French language, as this is more like an average user's perspective. I do this not to question the scholarly validity of Adams, Saunders and Rawles’ choices, but as a practical indication of an inevitable shift in readership once a decent number of emblem books is on-line and readily available. At best, most people consulting these texts will probably be bilingual. For the examination of the UIUC catalogue, I give figures based on Adams, Rawles and Saunders’ criteria, as a better method of evaluating the collection as a whole.

6.     When searching for French books on-line, I expected to find a handful of books besides those included in the Glasgow project. To my surprise, when I first conducted this research in 2005, there were a full sixty-three French-language emblem books on-line. There were occasional duplications of books such as Jacques Callot's La Lumière du cloistre, and Georgette de Montenay's Emblemes ou devises chrestiennes, although even in this case the editions are in different languages. Many works are multi-lingual editions of works not originally written in French, although this is no reason to discount them. Van Veen is no less studied by French scholars for being a Dutchman. Excluding Gallica’s collection, there is little overlap. In 2011 the list has expanded somewhat – my findings, listed by institution, can be found in Appendix 1, and I do not claim that it is exhaustive.

7.     The University of Glasgow chose to digitize seminal emblem works from the sixteenth century (apart from one seventeenth-century edition of Alciati).[6] The site is very easy to use, offering both high-quality jpeg scans of each book’s pages and fully-searchable transcriptions of all texts. Images are also searchable by keyword. Inscriptiones are translated into English, and each emblem’s main sources are cited and commented in footnotes. The site also provides information about emblems in general,[7] and historical and bibliographical information for each book included on the site, which was another of Tom Kilton's conditions in his paper on users' perspectives.[8] The site is a great achievement and has made research in French emblems much easier.

8.     The French works on the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek site include love emblems, political advice books, royal propaganda, and a religious emblem encyclopedia.[9] The pages have been converted to pdf files. The images are clear, and can be magnified. There is a useful search engine, which is in German but there are explanatory notes in English. The search engine has two functions. The first is a search by specific information, such as author, title, artist etc., while the second allows users to browse, for example, authors’ names or inscriptiones in alphabetical order. The inscriptiones browse function is also language-specific. However, the subscriptiones are not searchable, which does not solve the problem of how to search for a book which has French verse but whose inscriptiones are not in French. Some book descriptions indicate languages included, but not all. This is an issue across every site hosting books in more than one language: how to find books in one specific language, which Daly lists as one of his twelve essential search-fields.[10]

9.     The Utrecht site is a delight to use.[11] In addition to scanned pages, texts are transcribed. Books are cross-referenced with secondary literature, other relevant emblem books (such as adaptations, borrowed picturae etc,) and where an image is catalogued on Mnemosyne, now called arkyves, and there is a link to its homepage.[12] There are twelve volumes which include French texts, and they are mostly of love emblems, but included is also a copy of Daniel de la Feuille's Devises et emblemes from 1697.

10.    The Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel digitized eleven French-language books, four of which are various Otto van Veen titles, of which emblem literature was one of five Renaissance genres selected for encoding in a pilot project.[13] Their site can be searched using specific terms, or picturae metadata and inscriptiones can be browsed. While there are English translations of the introductory pages, the search engine is all in German. In 2005, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's German project incorporated three French-language volumes on-line, including a multi-lingual edition of Callot's La Lumière du cloistre from 1720.[14] The HAB has since teamed up with the University of Illinois to digitize emblem books in a joint project hosted on UIUC servers, Emblematica Online, and its list of titles is much expanded.[15] Now it is possible to search for books in each library’s collection or do a joint library search. A search using the keyword ‘French” yields a list of forty books containing French text, and most interestingly includes works housed on other emblem projects’ websites such as Glasgow’s and Utrecht’s.[16] Books from the UIUC collection are scanned in pdf’s and jpegs, and a reader can “flip” through each book.

11.    Gallica, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France's online site of digitized works, hosts several emblem books. Gallica's books are scanned as pdf files, and include works by Alciato, Van Veen, Paradin, Menestrier, La Perrière, and Montenay.[17] The site is constantly expanding, and it is possible to browse books under the subject-heading of “emblèmes” and carry out a search using the keyword “emblèmes,” although there are occasional discrepancies between the two lists. There is unfortunately no way to search inside a book, as is the case with pdf scans of older works. In recent years the scan quality seems to have improved, and the functionality of the site has become smoother. The site no longer makes use of frames as it did, meaning that it is now possible to cite URLs for individual pages. There are almost certainly more French-language emblem books than the ones listed in Appendix 1.

12.    The site for the Bibliothèques virtuelles humanistes hosted by the Université de Tours contains several key Renaissance texts, three of which are French-language emblem books.[18] There is a search engine, or one can browse by title, author, text, image, theme (e.g. Astronomy, Hygiene, Morality, Emblems,) place of publishing, printer, language, etc. When a specific book is chosen, it can be displayed with text only, image only, or both. Texts are transcribed and can be viewed alone or alongside scanned pages. The site has a list of keywords relating to the images in each text. This is another well-conceived, clear, user-friendly site.

13.    Pennsylvania State University's English book project includes a copy of Philip Ayres' Emblemata Amatoria, which includes French verse.[19] Apart from sites with whole books on-line, there are also several places where it is possible to see individual pages from French emblem books. Glasgow University has course materials on-line, which are freely available.[20] Bryn Mawr College has highlights of its collection on-line,[21] while the University of Iowa has a project on emblems put together by an undergraduate honors student.[22] There may be plenty more that I am yet to discover. Two consistent difficulties found across many sites are related to language: the language of the user interface, and the ability to search for books in one particular language. More and more it seems that websites presume a working knowledge of English – many sites offer the option to search in English as well as the original language in which the sites are written. A single portal for all digitized emblem books could be searchable in multiple languages, just as the search engine Google can be language-specific. This is especially true if the audience for these sites is to be significantly expanded.

14.    Most of the aforementioned sites provide links to other emblem projects, and projects such as arkyves and Iconclass.[23] However, no two sites give exactly the same list of resources. This is where the OpenEmblem portal aims to play its vital role, to bring together all separate efforts to present emblems electronically.[24] The portal has now been replaced by its “next generation” equivalent, Emblematica Online, providing links to all major projects listed above and to many additional sites and resources. (See note 15.)

15.     As far as I am aware there are no other definite plans to digitize French emblem books, apart from those included in the current Illinois project. This is, of course, an imprecise science. My conclusion is based on e-mail contact with libraries known to hold French emblem collections, and although I have had dozens of answers, many institutions have yet to reply. For the list of libraries, I am indebted to the painstaking work carried out by Adams, Rawles and Saunders in compiling their Bibliography. This is a work in progress.

16.    Johns Hopkins indicated that while they have no current plans in this regard, they may consider a project in the future. The University of Minnesota hinted that such a project may be possible should their digitization staff-levels be increased. Michael Killeen at Birmingham said that if I could suggest titles from their collection which have not yet been digitized, they might consider that as an option. Michèle Behr, curateur at the Bibliothèque de l'Université catholique de Lyon, told me that should there ever be a pan-European project to digitize emblems, they would be most happy to supply their volumes. The overall impressions I have from this quick survey is that firstly funds are scarce, but secondly that the idea of cooperation is offered spontaneously, and is widespread. Some institutions, such as Harvard and Oxford, are involved in the Google Books project (formerly Google Print).[25] This involves Google digitizing books from libraries’ collections and making them searchable on-line. However, Harvard has assured me that no fragile books are involved, and even if the majority of their catalog were eventually to be transferred, this would not include any rare books.

17.    The pan-institutional idea is an interesting one. The next logical step would be to define a canonical seventeenth-century French corpus. Apart from Glasgow, which is already overseeing a major digitization undertaking, no single collection is likely to hold all or even most of the works agreed upon by emblem scholars. One might also question whether the donkey's work should fall once again to Glasgow. Therefore, what would be judicious is a joint venture, firstly to devise the list, then to supply the material for digitization, just as the Utrecht Love Emblems project is made up of works from several libraries. Discussions about copyright and access rights would of course have to take place, and a willingness to loan books to whichever institution carries out the work is essential. Some seventeenth-century works are already available, as we have seen. There are assuredly gaps in the canon, though. As has been expressed on numerous occasions, it is undesirable for too much overlap between projects, hence the need for a jointly-devised list of works to be included in the secondary corpus. Continued international collaboration presents the gold standard for further research.

18.    The UIUC collection holds 109 volumes which can be considered “French” by Adams, Rawles and Saunders' criteria. Thirty-five date from the sixteenth century, sixty-five from the seventeenth century, and nine from the eighteenth. These figures are based on Thomas McGeary and N. Frederick Nash's catalogue of emblem books held at the University of Illinois.[26] Of the 109, twenty-four are editions of Alciati in various languages with varying levels of commentary. There are six volumes of Horapollo. Complementing these early iconologists are several prominent works from the seventeenth century, such as Cesare Ripa's Iconologie, Valeriano Bolzano's Hieroglyphica, LeMoyne's L'Art des devises, Menestrier's L'Art des emblemes, and Daniel de la Feuille's Devises et emblemes anciens et modernes. Ripa's Iconologie, published in Paris in 1636, is a particularly fine specimen. There are some eleven books authored by Otto Van Veen (some, evidently, are multiple copies of the same book), and in a similar stylistic and thematic vein we find Hooft's Emblemes d'amour, and two editions of Philip Ayres' Emblemata Amatoria, one incorporating Latin, Italian, French, and English verse, the second replacing the English verse with Dutch. For those of a more spiritual leaning, there are Christian works of both flavors, including the ultra-Catholic Callot's La Lumière du cloistre, and a distinctly un-Catholic trilingual edition of Georgette de Montenay's tome, in French, Latin, and Dutch. There are also two copies of Hugo's influential work, Pieux désirs, and one Amoris Divini et Humani Antipathia. Patriotic sentiment is evoked, in the form of Félibien's Tapisseries du roy, LeMoyne's Saint-Louis ou la sainte couronne reconquise, and LeJay's Le Triomphe de la religion. And for us infidels who do not speak Latin, sixty-nine of the 109 works feature the French language in some capacity. A full list can be found in Appendix 2.

19.     The jewel in the crown is René de Montplaisir's Emblemes et devises morales. It dates from around 1680, and is not a printed book but a manuscript, featuring watercolor paintings, highlighted in gold, on vellum. It is the most complete collection of Montplaisir's emblems, incorporating thirty-two picturae. As Daniel Russell observes in his article “M. de Montplaisir and his Emblems,”

On the verso preceding each composition, there is a prose explanation of the emblematic construction. The emblems themselves are formed by the illustration, the motto on a banderole above it and, beneath it, the poem whose length will vary from emblem to emblem.…Each of these emblems, thus constituted, is followed by a sermon-like meditation in prose of the kind often found in seventeenth-century emblem books.[27]
If any single work from the UIUC collection merits preservation beyond its physical life, it is surely this book. Not only is it a rare, beautiful, and fragile work of art, but Russell also details the work's importance in demonstrating the formal differences between devices and emblems as understood by the précieux society of the seventeenth century.[28]

20.     From a French-language perspective, the next logical step would be a project to digitize  French emblems produced after the sixteenth century. However, given the mixed-language nature of many of the collections outside of Glasgow and Paris, and indeed the mixed-language nature of the books themselves, it would not necessarily be a practical endeavor. Indeed, as the HAB-UIUC project shows, many later French-language books are already being included online. As libraries put together their own digitization projects reflecting their diverse collections, their participation in projects such as Emblematica Online, and the willingness of projects to link to each other, become ever more important from a scholar’s point of view. To this end the sites hosted by university libraries mentioned here are exemplary, demonstrating a real sense of community. For a scholar who was not yet clued in to emblem studies when the original discussions about digitization projects were taking place in the 1990’s and early 2000’s, the fruits of such careful cooperation are a delight to discover. We have come a very long way indeed.

Notes

 

 

 1 Peter M. Daly, Digitizing the European Emblem: Issues and Prospects. New York: AMS Press, 2002, p. 2.

2 Alison Adams, Stephen Rawles and Alison Saunders, “Introduction,” A Bibliography of French Emblem Books of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Geneva: Droz, 1999, p. xxiii.

3 David Graham, "Three Phases of Emblem Digitization: the First Twenty Years, the Next Five," Digital Collections and the Management of Knowledge: Renaissance Emblem Literature as a Case Study for the Digitization of Rare Texts and Images. Ed. Mara R. Wade. Salzburg: DigiCULT, 2004. p. 18. 31 October 2011. <http://www.digicult.info/pages/special.php>.

4 Tom Kilton, "Emblematica Online: The User's Perspective," p. 107. 31 October 2011. <http://www.digicult.info/pages/special.php>.

 5 Graham, p. 18.

6 Glasgow University Emblems Website. Ed. Alison Adams and David Graham. University of Glasgow. 26 October 2011. <http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/>.

7 Glasgow Emblem Digitisation Site. Ed. Stephen Rawles. University of Glasgow. 31 October 2011. <http://www.ces.arts.gla.ac.uk/html/AHRBProject.htm>.

8 Kilton, p. 107.

9 Emblembuchliste des Projekts Digitalisierung von ausgewählten Emblembüchern. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. 26 October 2011. <http://mdz1.bib-bvb.de/~emblem/dig-cpl.html>.

10 Daly, p. 38.

11 Emblem Project Utrecht. Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. 26 October 2011. <http://emblems.let.uu.nl/emblems/html/index.html>.

12 Mnemosyne. Ed. Hans Brandhorst, Peter van Huisstede and Etienne Posthumus. 31 October 2005. <http://www.mnemosyne.org/>. This website has become arkyves. 26 October 2011. <http://www.arkyves.org/welcome>.

13 Emblematica Online. Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel. 31 October 2005. <http://www.hab.de/forschung/projekte/emblematica-e.htm>. Now this website is a bilateral project with the University of Illinois as in note 15.

14 The German Emblem Book Collection. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 31 October 2011. <http://images.library.uiuc.edu/projects/emblems/>.  This URL will soon be retired.

15 Emblematica Online. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 26 October 2011. <http://emblematica.grainger.illinois.edu/>.

16 Many thanks to David Graham, Stephen Rawles, Alison Adams and Alison Saunders for their suggestions.

17 Gallica. Bibliothèque nationale de France. 26 October 2011. <http://gallica.bnf.fr/>.

18 Bibliothèques virtuelles humanistes. Université de Tours. 26 October 2011. <http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/liste.asp?ordre=auteur>.

19 The English Emblem Book Project. Pennsylvania State University. 26 October 2011. <http://emblem.libraries.psu.edu/>.

20 Special Collections Course Material. University of Glasgow. 26 October 2011. <http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/teach/courses.html>.

21 Emblem Books. Ed. Jean Lacovera and Marianne Hansen. 13 June 2001. Bryn Mawr College. 26 October 2011. <http://www.brynmawr.edu/library/speccoll/guides/Emblems/>.

22 Reading with the Mind's Eye: A Virtual Emblems Book Exhibit. Ed. Nana Diederichs. University of Iowa. 26 October 2011. <http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/exhibits/Emblem%20Books/pages/fintro.htm>.

23 Iconclass. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. 26 October 2011. <http://www.iconclass.nl/>.

24 OpenEmblem Portal. Ed. Nuala Koetter. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 31 October 2005. <http://media.library.uiuc.edu/projects/oebp/>.  This page has now been updated. 31 October 2011 <.http://images.library.illinois.edu/projects/emblems/newProject.asp>

25 Google Books. Google. 31 October 2011. <http://books.google.com/>.

26 Thomas McGeary and N. Frederick Nash. Emblem Books at the University of Illinois: A Bibliographic Catalogue. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1993.

 27 Daniel Russell, “M. de Montplaisir and his emblems,” Neophilologus 67 (1983): p. 504.

 28 Russell, pp. 507-14.

 

Works Cited

 

Appendix 1

French-language books available on-line. This list is provided as a guide based on data available in October 2011. Online holdings change regularly. Please also see the regularly updated list of digital emblem books, DEBBOW,” at http://rosalia.dc.fi.udc.es/emblematica/.

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich

http://mdz1.bib-bvb.de/~emblem/

 Bibliothèque Nationale de France

http://gallica.bnf.fr/

 

Emblem Project, Utrecht

http://emblems.let.uu.nl/emblems/html/index.html

 

Digitized Emblem Books by Title, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

http://emblematica.grainger.illinois.edu

 

 

Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel

http://www.hab.de/forschung/projekte/emblematica-e.htm

 

  

Pennsylvania State University

http://emblem.libraries.psu.edu/

 

Université de Tours

http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/liste.asp?ordre=auteur

  

University of Glasgow

http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/

 

Appendix 2

French books owned by UIUC, listed by McGeary and Nash catalogue number,  including author's name, year of publication, place of publication and book title, where available.

 

Year

#

Author

Place

Title

1542

A10

Alciati

Paris

Clarissimi Viri

1542

A11

Alciati

Paris

Clarissimi Viri

1548

A12

Alciati

Lyon

Emblemata

1549

A13

Alciati

Lyon

Diverse Imprese

1549

A14

Alciati

Lyon

Diverse Imprese

1549

A15

Alciati

Lyon

Los Emblemas

1550

A16

Alciati

Lyon

Emblemata

1551

A17

Alciati

Lyon

Diverse Imprese

1554

A18

Alciati

Lyon

Clarissimi Viri

1556

A19

Alciati

Lyon

Clarissimi Viri

1558

A20

Alciati

Lyon

Toutes les emblemes

1564

A21

Alciati

Lyon

Diverse Imprese

1564

A22

Alciati

Lyon

Emblemata

1573

A24

Alciati

Lyon

Francisci Sanctii Brocensis

1574

A25

Alciati

Paris

Emblemes d'Alciat

1576

A26

Alciati

Lyon

Diverse Imprese

1583

A29

Alciati

Paris

Omnia Andreae Alciati V.C. Emblemata

1587

A30

Alciati

Paris

Emblemata Andreae Alciati

1589

A31

Alciati

Paris

Omnia Andreae Alciati

1600

A32

Alciati

Lyon

V.C. Emblemata

1602

A33

Alciati

Paris

Omnia Andrae Alciati V.C. Emblemata

1614

A36

Alciati

Lyon

IVC Emblemata

1614

A37

Alciati

Geneva

Clarissimi Viri

1639

A41

Alciati

Geneva

Clarissimi Viri

1629

A48

 

Antwerp

Amoris Divini et Humani Antipathia

1626

A49

 

Antwerp

Amoris Divini et Humani Effectus

1683

A59

Ayres

Londe

Emblemata Amatoria

c1700

A60

Ayres

London

Emblems of Love

1638

B7

Baudouin

Paris

Recueil d'emblemes divers (vol.1 of 2)

1609

B9

Bene

Paris

Civitas Veri Sive Morum

1657

B11

Berthod

Paris

Emblemes sacrez

1580

B12

Bèze

Geneva

Icones id est Verae Imagines

1588

B20

Boissard

Metz

Emblematum liber

1766

B31

Boudard

Vienna

Iconologie tirée de divers auteurs

c1720

C2

Callot

Augsburg

Lux claustri/La lumière du cloistre

1646

C3

Callot

Paris

La Vie de la mère de dieu

1680

C28

Paris

Le centre de l'amour

 

1657

C29

Chesneau

Paris

Orpheus Eucharisticus

1635

C30

Clémente

Lyon

Musei, sive Bibliothecae

1555

C37

Coustau

Lyon

Pegma

1560

C38

Coustau

Lyon

Le Pegme

1794

D12

 

London

Le Triomphe de la mort

1640

E4

 

Paris

Les emblemes d'amour divin et humain

1717

E5

 

Lyon

Emblemes ou devises chrêtiennes

1689

F5

Félibien

Paris

Recueil de descriptions de peintures

1687

F6

Félibien

Augsburg

Tapisseries du roy

1690

F7

Félibien

Augsburg

Tapisseries du roy

1574

G9

Giovio

Lyon

Dialogo dell'imprese militari et amorose

1688

G14

Gomberville

Paris

La doctrine des moeurs

1646

G15

Gomberville

Paris

La doctrine des moeurs

1633

H19

Hawkins

Rouen

Parthenia Sacra

1625

H28

Heyns

Rotterdam

Emblemata / Emblemes Chretienes

1618

H31

Hooft

Amsterdam

Emblemata Amatoria

1530

H36

Horapollo

Paris

Orus Apollo Niliacus de Hieroglyphicis

1542

H37

Horapollo

Lyon

Orus Apollo Niliacus de Hieroglyphicis

1543

H38

Horapollo

Paris

Orus Apollo Niliacus de Aegypte

1551

H40

Horapollo

Paris

Ori Apollinis Niliaci

1574

H41

Horapollo

Paris

Ori Apollinis Niliaci

1574

H42

Horapollo

Paris

Ori Apollinis Niliaci

1717

H53

Hugo

Cologne

L'ame amante de son Dieu

1627

H65

Hugo

Antwerp

Pieux désires imités des Latins

1627

H66

Hugo

Paris

Pieux désires imités des Latins

1697

K1

Karl Ludwig1

Utrecht

Emblémes ou devises chrétiennes

1693

L1

La Feuille

Amsterdam

Devises et emblemes anciens et modernes

1695

L2

La Feuille

Augsburg

Devises et emblemes anciens et modernes

1699

L3

La Feuille

Augsburg

Devises et emblemes anciens et modernes

1700

L4

La Feuille

Amsterdam

Essay d'un dictionnaire

1583

L5

La Perrière

Lyon

Le theatre des bons engins

1688

L6

La Rue

Paris

Caroli Ruaei e Societate Jesu Carminum…

1756

L8

Lacombe de Prezel   

Paris

Dictionnaire Iconologique

1687

L13

LeJay

Paris

Le Triomphe de la religion

1666

L14

LeMoyne

Paris

L'art des devises

1658

L15

LeMoyne

Paris

Saint Louis ou la sainte couronne reconquise

1676

M8

Marolles

Amsterdam

Tableaux du temple des muses

1673

M9

Martinet

Paris

Emblesmes royals a Louis le Grand

1673

M19

Mello

Paris

Les divines operations de Jesus

1662

M20

Mendo

Lyon

Principe perfecto y miistros ajustados

1662

M21

Menestrier

Lyon

L'art des emblemes

1691

M22

Menestrier

Paris

Histoire du Roy Louis le Grand

1669

M24

Menestrier

Lyon

Traite des tournois, ioustes

1592

M25

Mercier

Bourges

Emblemata

1619

M30

Montenay

Frankfurt am Main    

Monumentum Emblematorum

1680

M31

Montplaisir

Paris

Emblemes et devises morales

1557

P4

Paradin

Lyon

Devises heroïques

1614

P5

Paradin

Paris

Devises heroïques et emblemes

1563

P8

Paradin

Antwerp

Devises ou emblemes heroïques

1636

R19

Ripa

Paris

Iconologie ou explication nouvelle

1644

R20

Ripa

Paris

Iconologie ou explication nouvelle

1698

R21

Ripa

Amsterdam

Iconologie ou la science des emblemes

1660

S7

Saavedra Fajardo

Paris

Idea Principis Christiano-Politici

1594

V4

Valeriano Bolzani

Lyon

Hieroglyphica

1602

V5

Valeriano Bolzani

Lyon

Hieroglyphica

1610

V6

Valeriano Bolzani

Lyon

Hieroglyphica

1610

V7

Valeriano Bolzani

Lyon

Hieroglyphica

1626

V8

Valeriano Bolzani

Lyon

Hieroglyphica

1642

V11

Veen, J

Amsterdam

Zinne-beelden

1660

V13

Veen, O

Antwerp

Amoris Divini Emblemata

1608

V14

Veen, O

Antwerp

Amorum Emblemata

1608

V15

Veen, O

Antwerp

Amorum Emblemata

1608

V16

Veen, O

Antwerp

Amorum Emblemata

1608

V17

Veen, O

Antwerp

Amorum Emblemata

1684

V18

Veen, O

Amsterdam

Emblemata Horatiana (2 copies)

1612

V21

Veen, O

Antwerp

Quinti Horatii Flacci Emblemata

1612

V21

Veen, O

Antwerp

Quinti Horatii Flacci Emblemata

1624

V23

Veen, O

Brussels

Emblemata Sive Symbola

1683

V26

Veen, O

Amsterdam

Zinnebeelden

1724

V28

Verien

Paris

Recueil d'emblemes + Livre curieux et utile

1682

V37

Vondel

Amsterdam

Theatre du monde

 

 

Notes

1 Peter Daly and Stan Beeler lists this work as Philothei symbola christiana. See Union Catalogue of Emblem Books. University of Northern British Columbia. 26 October 2011 <http://quarles.unbc.ca/ucat/>.

Responses to this piece intended for the Readers' Forum may be sent to the Editors at M.Steggle@shu.ac.uk.


© 2012-, Matthew Steggle and Annaliese Connolly (Editors, EMLS).